Describes the development of the great seal of the United States and explains the meaning of the symbols on it.

"For an astounding two millennia-from the Etruscans of the seventh century BCE, then through the Romans under all their forms of government, indeed down to the last Byzantine dynasty-political authorities used the device known as the 'fasces' to induce respect as well as fear. This was a bundle of wooden rods and a single-bladed axe bound with leather straps-in essence, a mobile kit for punishment. In the Renaissance, some writers and artists found...

This Level 2 guided reader teaches how to interpret and create pictographs. Students will develop word recognition and reading skills while learning about using a scaled pictograph to represent a data set.

Signifying Europe provides a systematic overview of the wide range of symbols used to represent Europe and Europeanness, both by the political elite and the broader public. Through a critical interpretation of the meanings of the various symbols--and their often contradictory or ambiguous dimensions--Johan Fornäs uncovers illuminating insights into how Europe currently identifies itself and is identified by others outside its borders. While the...