Most examinations of juvenile violence are limited in the behaviors studied and the theories used. To address these issues Nofziger applies a test of Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) General Theory of Crime to a range of violent and intimidating acts. She explores bullying, fighting, and weapon related behaviors and tests the effects of self-control and opportunity with survey data on 1200 juveniles. The analysis indicates that greater self-control...

Contemporary gangs are persistent despite efforts to control them. Theories of gangs explain the emergence of gangs but offer little insight into their persistence and growth. Weisel examined the organizational characteristics of four criminal gangs. Although large gangs appear disorganized, they are not ephemeral groups. Instead the gangs feature characteristics of organic-adaptive organizations rather than hierarchical or bureaucratic organizations....